Human Beings As A Social And Economic

(economy)
A. The Nature Of Human Beings As A Social And Economic Creatures

Humans are born to earth equipped with physical and spiritual strength and equipped feelings, reason and instinct. Both physical and spiritual components of this requires that needs to be met. Physical components require physical needs and the tangible needs of the body such as food, clothing, houses, and so forth. So is the spiritual component requires the need of energy, excitement, and enjoyment such as education, religion, spiritual spray, and recreation. Physical and spiritual needs must be met for human life can be going well.

Every human being trying to fulfill their needs but not all needs can be met. Meeting the needs depending on their needs. Human desire various types and amounts are unlimited. Once finished fulfill his wish that the other one appears desire and so on. Human desire to be fulfilled in economics called needs, while desire is the desire in question would satisfy the specific needs, while the requirement is a desire for goods and services that can provide satisfaction for survival. Human desire to meet the needs of human beings called the economic life. With desire, the man kept trying to ways and means to meet their needs.

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Human nature that always wants to improve their lives is the fact that human beings as economic beings (homo economicus), in which homo economicus mean mean man and who live according to his own interests. In economics, human beings are considered always wanted to achieve maximum satisfaction with their money. A trader for example, he wants to achieve maximum satisfaction with their money. A buyer wants to buy goods by projecting the notion that humans are essentially economic beings or homo economicus. As homo economicus, humans are considered to act in a rational, have complete information to know the life of himself, and always aim to optimize the economics of everyday behavior.

Humans though have no perfection in all his actions, but as economic beings, in the economic act has at least four aspects as follows.

1. Rationality (Common Sense) 

Rationality is defined as the ability to think well and to practice taking the right decision.

2. Personal Interests

Man as homo economicus has a personal interest attached to thick on him. Individual self-interest was not in full control of the human self, but still there are other interests that are social or want to help others.

3. Moral

Man in meeting the needs that have to consider the moral aspects. Aspects of moral and character are needed when human beings carry out their function as social and economic beings.

4. Information

To be able to carry out economic activities with good, it takes a true and complete information for the specified party has to a large value so that its benefits are also great. With this information, people make the right choices of the many information.

 
Factors that affect the human desire to meet the needs are as follows:

1. Residence
2. Education
3. Age
4. Human resources available natural resources

B. Human Behavior In The Same Work To Make Ends Meet. 

Human beings can not be separated from economic role in meeting the needs of other human beings. These conditions are not directly illustrate that human beings are basically social beings as well. Humans as individuals in their daily life is always interact or relate to other individuals. These relationships will naturally encourage every individual to do the same work. To realize human behavior that work together harmoniously in meeting the needs of the concern of every human being in creating awareness among the functions of humans as social beings and economic beings.

C. Human Behavior In The Use Of Economic Resources To Meet Needs  

Human beings have needs that must be met. To make ends meet, humans do things. When I was a baby, we cry to get breast milk. Once you can talk, we can ask directly to parents. But human beings do not always have to rely solely on other people to meet their needs. When still very small, you can ask disuapin fed by their parents. This is a way for your eating needs required for the more able to meet their own needs independently. Fulfilled. Can you do this forever? Of course not, the adult human being prosecuted for the more able to meet their own needs independently. First of all people to view the resources he has. These resources can range from foodstuffs, vehicles, rice, peerkebunan, mind, time to money. After looking at available resources, he will use to meet their needs.

D. Characteristics Of  Human Beings As A Social And Economic Immoral
1. Mutual help - help
2. Esprit de corps
3. Tolerance
4. Sympathy
5. Following the norms / rules

As for as economic beings, human beings have characteristics as follows:
 
1. Having the nature is never satisfied
2. Having a lot of desire
3. Have needs in his life
4. Always consider the sacrifice of the benefits gained.
5. Working hard to earn revenue

E. Economics 

Man in his life sail always try to meet their needs in the form of goods or services. Economics arise from the unlimited human needs ,while satisfying the needs of tools ( economic resources ) are limited . The existence of human effort to meet their needs as well as the alternative use of economic resources with a variety of specific purposes.

The term economics comes from the Greek ooikonomia, that is by word oikos meaning and norms of the household and nomos meaning set. So oikonomia is to manage the household. Along with the development of science and technology, the economy is also growing understanding not only manage the household in a broad sense, such as domestic companies, communities, and even the world.

Below are some definitions of economics
1. Economics is the science which studies human efforts to meet their needs.
2. Economics is the science which teaches how to make a choice in utilizing limited resources.
3. Economics is the science which studies human efforts to fulfill prosperity.

Earth Forms

(Geography and sociology)

A. Diversity And Earth Formation Process

If the continent was photographed up close, it becomes apparent that the uneven surface of the continent. On the surface of the earth, there is a protruding upward to form mountains, mountains, plateaus, hills, and so on. The concave part can be a gorge, valley, lakes, rivers, swamps, and so forth. Appearance of high and low relief of the earth is called earth.

Appearance of the face of the earth is not formed by itself. Its existence is like this now through a long process with a long time. At that time, new crust is formed. Earth has a composition similar round eggs. Yolk represents the core of the earth (core / barisfer), egg white represents the envelope of the earth (mantle), and the shell represents the earth's crust (crust). This scale develops during arkeozoikum, about 4.5 billion years ago.

In the solid crust and hard, stick to the mantle of the earth containing mineral silicium and aluminum (also called layers of bad luck). While the layer beneath it containing mineral silicium and magnesium (also called sima layer). The core material in the form of nickel iron (nife). Are fluid and very hot in the outer layer. Temperatures are extremely hot (above 3.000° C) and strong pressure to make the core of the earth is always turbulent. Turbulence raises the all-powerful force that pressing molten rock at the time of sheath driven out into the earth's surface and eventually form earth.

Power comes from within the earth is called endogenous labor. While the endogenous energy work, which had formed the earth will be changed by force from outside the earth is called exogenous energy. These are the two power plays in the face of the earth. The following describes both the shape of the face of the earth and the resulting landscape.

1. Power Endogen

Huge power of the earth can be influential in shaping the diversity of the earth's surface. Energy from the earth it is called endogenous energy and constructive manner. Endogenous Power is the force that encourages the movement of the earth's crust. The presence of endogenous can cause a shift in the earth's crust. The shift will make the crust of the earth surface convex, such as mountains or volcanoes, and the concave shape, such as sea and lake. The earth's crust consists of two kinds, namely the continental crust and oceanic crust. Continental crust, including crustal continental Europe and Asia or so-called Eurasian, African continent crust, the crust of the North American continent, and the crust of the South American Continent. Ocean crust, including the Indian Ocean crust, the crust of the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean crust. Power from the earth can be divided into three namely tektonisme, volcanism, and earthquakes (seisme).  

2. Power Exogenous

Workers from outside the earth, among others come from rain, hot sun, wind, stream, water, and glacier sliding and energy of living things is called exogenous. Power exogenous change the shape of the earth's surface can be perforated, hilly and other forms. These exogenous destructive power. The process of destruction caused by exogenous force can be divided into several parts, namely weathering, erosion, and sedimentation. 

3. Diversity Shape Earth

Broadly speaking, the shape of the earth is divided into two, namely land landform and seabed.

Earth form in Mainland
Various kinds of  landform on the mainland, among others, as follows.
a. Low and high plains
b. Depression continental
c. Plato
d. Mountains and mountains
e. Valley
f. Delta
g. Meanders
Earth form in Seabed
Various kinds of  landform seabed, among others, as follows.
a. Beach
b. Shelf / shallow / continental shelf
c. Threshold sea
d. Sea Ridge
e. Sea Mountain
f. Estuarium
g. Depths of the sea / bekken
h. Sea or trog trough
i. Coral Island / island reefs (Coral)

4. Relief in Indonesia

In geologies, relief in Indonesia is divided into three, namely as follows.
a. Shallow Sunda (western Indonesia)
b. Sahul shoal Area (Eastern Indonesia)
c. Mediterranean Region Austral-Asiatis (Indonesia Region Central)

5. Earth Form Linkages with Economic Activity Population
The condition of the earth's surface in an area can affect the economic activity population. In the coastal plains region, economic activity population most of whom work in the field of fisheries. For example, as a fisherman, fish farmers, farmer salt. In the fertile lowland area, the population is very varied economic activities. There are cultivating rice fields, gardens or dry, but there is also a trade, breeding or in services. Highland areas, the population of economic activity among others working on the fields, the fields or dry well in the area of plantation and forestry. In high mountain areas, economic activities, especially farming population vegetables or fruits.

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Development Of Living Things

(History)

Science seeks to uncover the historical development of living things. From various studies have estimated the first living creature that ever lived was of little creatures types of microorganisms. Small single-celled creatures, such as protozoa, believed to be the beginning of life that exist today. In time millions of years, these tiny creatures evolved into creatures that are more complex. Subsequent developments began to appear other creatures such as insects, reptiles, fish, mammals, and so forth.

 
Accordingly, the development of the earth is also a concern of the experts. The development of the earth has undergone many rounds. The experts divide it into four rounds of development, namely Aziokum age, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Neozoikum.

Age Azoikum (Oldest Age)
This era lasted less than 2500 million years. Earth is still a very hot ball of gas that rotates on its axis..

Paleozoic era (Age old life)
This era lasted about 340 million years. The situation is not stable earth, the climate was changing, and rainfall is very large. However, in this era began there were signs of life. Like the single-celled creatures (microorganisms), small animals that invertebrate, fish, and type of algae or grass. The presence of animals and plants on the earth is known from the remains that have helped the so-called fossils. The fossil is commonly found in rocks. Age is also called the primary period (first period).

Mesozoic era (Life Middle Ages)
Mesozoic era occurred around 65 to 200 million years ago. When it began to appear large trees and animals that live on land. This era lasted about 140 million years. Improved climate, rainfall began to decrease. Large rivers and lakes many dry and muddy. The fish can breathe even though there is no water. Fins are very strong, can be used to run. They crawl onto land and began to live on land.

Age Neozoikum
This era lasted about 65 million years ago. Age Neozoikum divided over two days of age Tertiary and Quarternary age.
a. Tertiary Period (Third Age) 
Age is divided into several times, the Paleocene, Eocene, Ologosen, Miocene, and Pliocene. In the Tertiary period lactating animals is growing very rapidly, while the giant reptile species gradually disappeared. Creatures primate (ape-like mammals) began to appear since the Paleocene era.
b. Quarternary Period (Fourth Period)
Quarternary Age began about 600,000 years ago. Age is divided into two epochs, namely Pleistocene (Dilluvium) and when Hollosen (alluvium). 
1. Pleistocene (Dilluvium) 
Pleistocene lasted about 600,000 years ago. Pleistocene become very important because at this time early humans began to emerge. Natural state in this period is still wild and unstable due to the alternation of two ages, namely Glacial and interglacial age.
2. Kala Holocene 
In the early Holocene time, most of the Arctic ice cap is gone, so the sea level rose again. Soils low in the Sunda Shelf and the Sahul Shelf and the sea flooded transgressions. Thus, came the islands of the archipelago. Ancient man disappears, then comes the intelligent human beings (Homo Sapiens) as he has now.